(A tetrasyllabic word has two accents when it stands at the beginning of
a line, and a pentasyllabic word always.
a line, and a pentasyllabic word always.
Oxford Book of Latin Verse
In a very large percentage
of saturnian lines we abandon the natural word-accent and have at the
same time no possible means of determining upon what syllable of what
word we are to put the verse-accent.
dabúnt malúm Metélli Naéuió poétae
is simple enough: but when we come to
sin illos deserant fortissimos uiros
magnum stuprum populo fieri per gentes
or
dedet Tempestatibus aide meretod
we come, to speak frankly, to chaos.
4. A large number of well-attested saturnians yield only two accents in
the second _colon_.
(b) Beside the 'Queen-and-Parlour' theory there is what I may call the
Normal Accent Theory. It originated with two papers by W. M. Lindsay in
the _American Journal of Philology_ vol. xiv--papers which furnish a
more thorough and penetrating treatment of the whole subject than is to
be found anywhere else. Lindsay's view is in substance this:
1. The saturnian line falls into two _cola_ of which the first (_a_)
contains _three_, the second (_b_) _two_ accented syllables.
2. _a_ contains seven syllables in all, _b_ contains six (occasionally
five), save when ᵕᵕ takes the place of one accented syllable.
3. The accent is always the normal Latin accent, according to the Law of
the Penultimate.
(A tetrasyllabic word has two accents when it stands at the beginning of
a line, and a pentasyllabic word always. )
4. Each line begins with an accented syllable.
These are the essential rules. In addition Lindsay has been at pains to
determine carefully the accentuation of 'word-groups'. Each word in a
Latin sentence has not necessarily an accent of its own. Thus _apud uos_
is accented _apúd-uos_; so again _in-grémium_, _quei-númquam_, _ís
hic-sítus_. No part of Lindsay's papers throws so much light on the
scansion of the saturnian verses as that which deals with these
word-groups: but it is impossible here to deal with the subject in
detail. I will give here the first two Scipio Epitaphs (5. _i_, _ii_) as
they are scanned and accented by Lindsay:--
_i. _
Cornélius Lúcius | Scípio Barbátus,
Gnáiuod páter prognátus, | fórtis-uir sapiénsque,
quoìus fórma uirtútei | parísuma fúit,
cónsol, cénsor, aidílis | queí-fuit apúd-nos,
Tàurásia, Cisáuna, | Sámnio cépit,
Súbigit ómne Loucánam | ópsidesque abdóucit
_ii. _
Hónc óino plóirime | coséntiunt Római
dùonóro óptimo | fuíse uíro
Lúcium Scípiònem | fílios Barbáti
cónsol cénsor aidílis | híc-fuet apúd-nos:
híc cépit Córsica | Alériaque úrbe,
dédet Tèmpestátebus | áide méretod.
But is it certain, after all, that the accent-law in Saturnian verse
_is_ the Law of the Penultimate? There was, as is well known, a period
in the history of the Latin language when this Law did not obtain, but
all Latin words were alike accented on the first syllable. When this
period ended we cannot precisely determine. But, as Lindsay himself
points out, the influence of the old protosyllabic accentuation was not
quite dead even in the time of Plautus.
of saturnian lines we abandon the natural word-accent and have at the
same time no possible means of determining upon what syllable of what
word we are to put the verse-accent.
dabúnt malúm Metélli Naéuió poétae
is simple enough: but when we come to
sin illos deserant fortissimos uiros
magnum stuprum populo fieri per gentes
or
dedet Tempestatibus aide meretod
we come, to speak frankly, to chaos.
4. A large number of well-attested saturnians yield only two accents in
the second _colon_.
(b) Beside the 'Queen-and-Parlour' theory there is what I may call the
Normal Accent Theory. It originated with two papers by W. M. Lindsay in
the _American Journal of Philology_ vol. xiv--papers which furnish a
more thorough and penetrating treatment of the whole subject than is to
be found anywhere else. Lindsay's view is in substance this:
1. The saturnian line falls into two _cola_ of which the first (_a_)
contains _three_, the second (_b_) _two_ accented syllables.
2. _a_ contains seven syllables in all, _b_ contains six (occasionally
five), save when ᵕᵕ takes the place of one accented syllable.
3. The accent is always the normal Latin accent, according to the Law of
the Penultimate.
(A tetrasyllabic word has two accents when it stands at the beginning of
a line, and a pentasyllabic word always. )
4. Each line begins with an accented syllable.
These are the essential rules. In addition Lindsay has been at pains to
determine carefully the accentuation of 'word-groups'. Each word in a
Latin sentence has not necessarily an accent of its own. Thus _apud uos_
is accented _apúd-uos_; so again _in-grémium_, _quei-númquam_, _ís
hic-sítus_. No part of Lindsay's papers throws so much light on the
scansion of the saturnian verses as that which deals with these
word-groups: but it is impossible here to deal with the subject in
detail. I will give here the first two Scipio Epitaphs (5. _i_, _ii_) as
they are scanned and accented by Lindsay:--
_i. _
Cornélius Lúcius | Scípio Barbátus,
Gnáiuod páter prognátus, | fórtis-uir sapiénsque,
quoìus fórma uirtútei | parísuma fúit,
cónsol, cénsor, aidílis | queí-fuit apúd-nos,
Tàurásia, Cisáuna, | Sámnio cépit,
Súbigit ómne Loucánam | ópsidesque abdóucit
_ii. _
Hónc óino plóirime | coséntiunt Római
dùonóro óptimo | fuíse uíro
Lúcium Scípiònem | fílios Barbáti
cónsol cénsor aidílis | híc-fuet apúd-nos:
híc cépit Córsica | Alériaque úrbe,
dédet Tèmpestátebus | áide méretod.
But is it certain, after all, that the accent-law in Saturnian verse
_is_ the Law of the Penultimate? There was, as is well known, a period
in the history of the Latin language when this Law did not obtain, but
all Latin words were alike accented on the first syllable. When this
period ended we cannot precisely determine. But, as Lindsay himself
points out, the influence of the old protosyllabic accentuation was not
quite dead even in the time of Plautus.
