It is the End of all Men, and
attainable
by all, v.
Pope - Essay on Man
How shall he keep, what, sleeping or awake,
A weaker may surprise, a stronger take?
His safety must his liberty restrain:
All join to guard what each desires to gain.
Forced into virtue thus by self-defence,
Even kings learned justice and benevolence:
Self-love forsook the path it first pursued,
And found the private in the public good.
'Twas then, the studious head or generous mind,
Follower of God, or friend of human-kind,
Poet or patriot, rose but to restore
The faith and moral Nature gave before;
Re-lumed her ancient light, not kindled new;
If not God's image, yet His shadow drew:
Taught power's due use to people and to kings,
Taught nor to slack, nor strain its tender strings,
The less, or greater, set so justly true,
That touching one must strike the other too;
Till jarring interests, of themselves create
The according music of a well-mixed state.
Such is the world's great harmony, that springs
From order, union, full consent of things:
Where small and great, where weak and mighty, made
To serve, not suffer, strengthen, not invade;
More powerful each as needful to the rest,
And, in proportion as it blesses, blest;
Draw to one point, and to one centre bring
Beast, man, or angel, servant, lord, or king.
For forms of government let fools contest;
Whate'er is best administered is best:
For modes of faith let graceless zealots fight;
His can't be wrong whose life is in the right:
In faith and hope the world will disagree,
But all mankind's concern is charity:
All must be false that thwart this one great end;
And all of God, that bless mankind or mend.
Man, like the generous vine, supported lives;
The strength he gains is from the embrace he gives.
On their own axis as the planets run,
Yet make at once their circle round the sun;
So two consistent motions act the soul;
And one regards itself, and one the whole.
Thus God and Nature linked the general frame,
And bade self-love and social be the same.
ARGUMENT OF EPISTLE IV.
Of the Nature and State of Man with respect to Happiness.
I. False Notions of Happiness, Philosophical and Popular, answered from
v. 19 to 77. II.
It is the End of all Men, and attainable by all, v. 30.
God intends Happiness to be equal; and to be so, it must be social, since
all particular Happiness depends on general, and since He governs by
general, not particular Laws, v. 37. As it is necessary for Order, and
the peace and welfare of Society, that external goods should be unequal,
Happiness is not made to consist in these, v. 51. But, notwithstanding
that inequality, the balance of Happiness among Mankind is kept even by
Providence, by the two Passions of Hope and Fear, v. 70. III. What the
Happiness of Individuals is, as far as is consistent with the
constitution of this world; and that the good Man has here the advantage,
V. 77. The error of imputing to Virtue what are only the calamities of
Nature or of Fortune, v. 94. IV. The folly of expecting that God should
alter His general Laws in favour of particulars, v. 121.
